Okwu mmalite nke PCIe 5.0 nkọwa

• Okwu mmalite nke PCIe 5.0 nkọwa

Emechara nkọwapụta PCIe 4.0 na 2017, mana akwadoghị ya site na nyiwe ndị ahịa ruo mgbe usoro AMD's 7nm Rydragon 3000, na mbụ naanị ngwaahịa dị ka supercomputing, nchekwa ngwa ngwa-ọsọ nke ụlọ ọrụ, na ngwaọrụ netwọk ejiri teknụzụ PCIe 4.0. Ọ bụ ezie na teknụzụ PCIe 4.0 ka etinyebeghị n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, nzukọ PCI-SIG adịla anya na-emepe emepe PCIe 5.0 ngwa ngwa, ọnụego mgbama ejirila 16GT / s dị ugbu a ruo 32GT / s okpukpu abụọ, bandwit nwere ike iru 128GB / s, na nkọwapụta 0.9/1.0 agwụla. v0.7 nke PCIe 6.0 ederede ezigara ndị otu, na mmepe nke ọkọlọtọ dị na egwu. Ọnụego ntụtụ nke PCIe 6.0 ka abawanyela na 64 GT/s, nke bụ 8 ugboro karịa nke PCIe 3.0, yana bandwit na ọwa x16 nwere ike ibu karịa 256GB/s. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọsọ PCIe 3.0 x8 dị ugbu a chọrọ naanị otu PCIe 6.0 ọwa iji nweta. N'ihe gbasara v0.7, PCIe 6.0 enwetala ọtụtụ n'ime njirimara ndị a mara ọkwa na mbụ, mana oriri ike ka na-akawanye mma.d, na ọkọlọtọ ewebatala ngwa nhazi ike L0p ọhụrụ. N'ezie, mgbe ọkwa ọkwa na 2021 gasịrị, PCIe 6.0 nwere ike ịdị na-ere ahịa na 2023 ma ọ bụ 2024 na mbụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, PCIe 5.0 kwadoro na 2019, ma ọ bụ naanị ugbu a ka enwere ikpe ngwa.

Tụnyere nkọwa ọkọlọtọ gara aga, nkọwapụta PCIe 4.0 bịara obere oge. E webatara nkọwapụta PCIe 3.0 na 2010, afọ 7 ka ewebata PCIe 4.0, yabụ ndụ nke nkọwa PCIe 4.0 nwere ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ. Karịsịa, ụfọdụ ndị na-ere ahịa amalitela imepụta ngwaọrụ oyi akwa PCIe 5.0 PHY.

Òtù PCI-SIG na-atụ anya na ụkpụrụ abụọ ahụ ga-ebikọ ọnụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, na PCIe 5.0 bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ngwaọrụ ndị dị elu nwere ihe ndị dị elu chọrọ, dị ka Gpus maka AI, ngwaọrụ netwọk, na ihe ndị ọzọ, nke pụtara na PCIe 5.0 nwere ike ịpụta na ebe data, netwọk, na gburugburu HPC. Ngwaọrụ nwere obere bandwidth chọrọ, dị ka kọmpụta, nwere ike iji PCIe 4.0.

Maka PCIe 5.0, a na-abawanye ọnụego mgbaama site na PCIe 4.0's 16GT/s ruo 32GT/s, ka na-eji ntinye 128/130, yana bandwidth x16 ka agbagoro site na 64GB/s ruo 128GB/s.

Na mgbakwunye na okpukpu abụọ nke bandwit, PCIe 5.0 na-eweta mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, na-agbanwe nhazi eletriki iji melite iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe mgbaàmà, ndakọrịta azụ na PCIe, na ndị ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, e jiriwo ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ mee PCIe 5.0 nke na-ebelata nkwụsịtụ na mgbama mgbaàmà n'ebe dị anya.

The PCI-SIG nzukọ na-atụ anya mezue 1.0 version nke nkọwapụta na Q1 afọ a, ma ha nwere ike ịzụlite ụkpụrụ, ma ha enweghị ike ịchịkwa mgbe ọnụ ngwaọrụ ewebata na ahịa, na ọ na-atụ anya na mbụ PCIe 5.0 ngwaọrụ ga-mpụta mbụ afọ a, na ndị ọzọ ngwaahịa ga-apụta na 2020. Otú ọ dị, mkpa maka elu na-agba ọsọ mere ka ọgbọ nke PCI na-esote na-akọwa usoro nke PCIe. Ebumnuche nke PCIe 5.0 bụ ịbawanye ọsọ nke ọkọlọtọ na obere oge enwere ike. Ya mere, PCIe 5.0 ka emebere ka ọ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa gaa na ọkọlọtọ PCIe 4.0 na-enweghị njirimara ọhụrụ ọ bụla ọzọ.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, PCIe 5.0 anaghị akwado akara ngosi PAM 4 ma gụnye naanị njirimara ọhụrụ achọrọ iji mee ka ọkọlọtọ PCIe kwado 32 GT/s n'oge kacha nso.

Ihe ịma aka ngwaike

Isi ihe ịma aka n'ịkwado ngwaahịa iji kwado PCI Express 5.0 ga-emetụta ogologo ọwa. Ọsọ nrịbama na-abawanye, na-abawanye ugboro nke mgbaàmà na-ebufe site na bọọdụ PC. Ụdị mmebi anụ ahụ abụọ na-ejedebe ókè ndị injinia nwere ike ịgbasa akara PCIe:

· 1. Attenuation nke ọwa

· 2. Ntụle na-eme na ọwa n'ihi impedance discontinuities na atụdo, njikọ, site-oghere na ndị ọzọ na owuwu.

Nkọwapụta PCIe 5.0 na-eji ọwa nwere -36dB attenuation na 16 GHz. Ugboro 16 GHz na-anọchite anya ugboro Nyquist maka akara dijitalụ 32 GT/s. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe akara PCIe5.0 malitere, ọ nwere ike ịnwe voltaji kachasị elu-na-elu nke 800 mV. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ị gafechara ọwa -36dB a kwadoro, ihe ọ bụla yiri anya na-emeghe na-efunahụ. Naanị site n'itinye nha nhata dabere na transmitter (de-accentuating) na nhata nnata (nchikota CTLE na DFE) akara PCIe5.0 nwere ike gafere na ọwa sistemụ wee kọwa ya nke ọma site na nnata. Opekempe anya anya anya nke akara PCIe 5.0 bụ 10mV (mkpesa-equalization). Ọbụlagodi na onye na-ebufe obere jitter dị nso zuru oke, nhụsianya dị ukwuu nke ọwa na-ebelata njupụta nke mgbaàmà ruo n'ókè ebe enwere ike mechie ụdị mmebi mgbaàmà ọ bụla nke ntụgharị uche na okwu mkparịta ụka kpatara iji weghachi anya.