Okwu Mmalite na nkọwapụta PCIe 5.0

• Okwu Mmalite na nkọwapụta PCIe 5.0

Emechara nkọwapụta PCIe 4.0 na 2017, mana ikpo okwu ndị ahịa anaghị akwado ya ruo mgbe usoro 7nm Rydragon 3000 nke AMD, na mbụ naanị ngwaahịa dịka supercomputing, nchekwa ọsọ ọsọ nke ụlọ ọrụ, na ngwaọrụ netwọk jiri teknụzụ PCIe 4.0. Ọ bụ ezie na etinyerebeghị teknụzụ PCIe 4.0 n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, nzukọ PCI-SIG anọwo na-emepụta PCIe 5.0 ngwa ngwa ogologo oge, ọnụego mgbaàmà amụbaala okpukpu abụọ site na 16GT/s ugbu a ruo 32GT/s, bandwidth nwere ike iru 128GB/s, emechara nkọwapụta ụdị 0.9/1.0. E zigara ndị otu v0.7 nke ederede ọkọlọtọ PCIe 6.0, mmepe nke ọkọlọtọ ahụ na-aga n'ihu. A mụbara ọnụego pin nke PCIe 6.0 ruo 64 GT/s, nke bụ ugboro 8 nke PCIe 3.0, bandwidth dị na ọwa x16 nwere ike ibu karịa 256GB/s. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ọsọ PCIe 3.0 x8 dị ugbu a chọrọ naanị otu ọwa PCIe 6.0 iji nweta. Banyere v0.7, PCIe 6.0 emezuola ọtụtụ atụmatụ e kwupụtara na mbụ, mana oriri ike ka na-aka mma.d, ọkọlọtọ ahụ ewepụtala ngwa nhazi ike L0p ọhụrụ. N'ezie, mgbe ọkwa ahụ gasịrị na 2021, enwere ike ịnweta PCIe 6.0 n'ahịa na 2023 ma ọ bụ 2024 n'oge kachasị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akwadoro PCIe 5.0 na 2019, ọ bụkwa ugbu a ka enwere ikpe ngwa.

Ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkọwapụta ọkọlọtọ gara aga, nkọwapụta PCIe 4.0 bịara n'oge na-adịghị anya. E webatara nkọwapụta PCIe 3.0 na 2010, afọ 7 ka ewebatara PCIe 4.0, yabụ ndụ nkọwapụta PCIe 4.0 nwere ike ịdị mkpụmkpụ. Karịsịa, ụfọdụ ndị na-ere ahịa amalitela imepụta ngwaọrụ oyi akwa anụ ahụ PCIe 5.0 PHY.

Òtù PCI-SIG na-atụ anya ka ọkọlọtọ abụọ ahụ dịrị n'otu ruo oge ụfọdụ, a na-ejikwa PCIe 5.0 eme ihe maka ngwaọrụ ndị nwere arụmọrụ dị elu nke nwere ihe achọrọ maka mmepụta dị elu, dịka GPU maka AI, ngwaọrụ netwọk, na ihe ndị ọzọ, nke pụtara na PCIe 5.0 nwere ike ịpụta na ebe data, netwọk, na gburugburu HPC. Ngwaọrụ ndị nwere obere ihe achọrọ maka bandwidth, dị ka desktọpụ, nwere ike iji PCIe 4.0.

Maka PCIe 5.0, amụbaala ọsọ mgbaàmà site na 16GT/s nke PCIe 4.0 gaa na 32GT/s, ka na-eji koodu 128/130, amụbaala bandwidth x16 site na 64GB/s ruo 128GB/s.

Na mgbakwunye na ime ka bandwit ahụ dịkwuo okpukpu abụọ, PCIe 5.0 na-eweta mgbanwe ndị ọzọ, na-agbanwe nhazi eletriki iji melite iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mgbaàmà, ndakọrịta azụ na PCIe, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, e mepụtara PCIe 5.0 site na ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ nke na-ebelata oge na mbelata nke mgbaàmà n'ebe dị anya.

Òtù PCI-SIG na-atụ anya imecha ụdị 1.0 nke nkọwapụta ahụ na Q1 nke afọ a, mana ha nwere ike ịmepụta ụkpụrụ, mana ha enweghị ike ijikwa mgbe ewebata ngwaọrụ njedebe n'ahịa, a na-atụkwa anya na ngwaọrụ PCIe 5.0 mbụ ga-apụta n'afọ a, ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ ga-apụtakwa na 2020. Agbanyeghị, mkpa maka ọsọ dị elu kpaliri otu ọkọlọtọ ịkọwapụta ọgbọ PCI Express na-esote. Ebumnuche nke PCIe 5.0 bụ ịbawanye ọsọ nke ọkọlọtọ ahụ n'oge kacha nta enwere ike. Ya mere, e mere PCIe 5.0 ka ọ dịkwuo mfe ịbawanye ọsọ na ọkọlọtọ PCIe 4.0 na-enweghị atụmatụ ọhụrụ ọ bụla ọzọ dị mkpa.

Dịka ọmụmaatụ, PCIe 5.0 anaghị akwado akara PAM 4 ma ọ gụnyere naanị atụmatụ ọhụrụ dị mkpa iji mee ka ọkọlọtọ PCIe nwee ike ịkwado 32 GT/s n'oge kacha nta.

Ihe ịma aka ngwaike

Isi ihe ịma aka dị na nkwadebe ngwaahịa iji kwado PCI Express 5.0 ga-emetụta ogologo ọwa. Ka ọsọ mgbaama ahụ na-agba ọsọ, otú ahụ ka ugboro ole mgbaama ahụ na-ebuga na bọọdụ PC na-abawanye. Ụdị mmebi anụ ahụ abụọ na-ebelata oke nke ndị injinia nwere ike ịgbasa mgbaama PCIe:

· 1. Mbelata nke ọwa

· 2. Ntụgharị uche na-eme na ọwa ahụ n'ihi nkwụsị mgbochi na ntụtụ, njikọ, oghere ndị dị n'ime ya na ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ.

Nkọwapụta PCIe 5.0 na-eji ọwa nwere mbelata -36dB na 16 GHz. Ugboro 16 GHz na-anọchite anya ugboro Nyquist maka akara dijitalụ GT/s 32. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe akara PCIe5.0 malitere, ọ nwere ike ịnwe voltaji kacha elu ruo elu nke 800 mV. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ọ gafere ọwa -36dB akwadoro, ihe ọ bụla yiri anya mepere emepe na-efu. Naanị site n'itinye nha nha dabere na transmitter (de-accentuating) na nha nha nnata (njikọta nke CTLE na DFE) ka akara PCIe5.0 ga-esi gafee ọwa sistemụ ma onye nnata ahụ kọwaa ya nke ọma. Ogologo anya kacha nta a tụrụ anya ya nke mgbaàmà PCIe 5.0 bụ 10mV (mgbe nhazichara). Ọbụna na onye na-ebufe obere jitter fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke zuru oke, mbelata dị ukwuu nke ọwa ahụ na-ebelata oke mgbaàmà ruo n'ókè ebe enwere ike imechi ụdị mmebi mgbaàmà ọ bụla ọzọ nke ntụgharị uche na mkparịta ụka kpatara iji weghachi anya.